HTML Basics- Webpage,
HTML document and principles of HTML writing-HTML stands for Hyper
Text Markup Language used to create web pages and it was first introduced in
1991 by Tim Banners Lee, a private contractor working at at CERN, a Physics
Lab. Though at present the HTML and CSS are a large number of Tags, Elements
and Attributes are used to create an HTML document but the first release in
1991, described only 18 basic elements and out of which eleven elements still
exist. In fact a website is a collection
and other digital assets which can be addressed by URLs.
What is a webpage
A web page is a
resource of information or a document suitable for world wide web and can be
accessed through a web browser. It is a hypertext document connected to the
world wide web and capable of displaying a web page on a monitor or a mobile
hand set’s screen. The term is also referred to a computer file, usually
written in HTML or compatible markup language. A webpage is in
fact an Electronic (digital) document created with HTML and, therefore,
accessible with a browser.
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What we need to create an HTML document
If
you think that to create an HTML document you need something special like some
additional hardware or software, It is not true. You are already having
everything required to create an HTML document. To create an HTML document you
need a computer, a text editor, that you
are already having in your windows as notepad and a web browser. Note pad is
considered to be an ideal text editor for an HTML document and for this purpose
Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Windows internet Explorer or any other web
browser will do.
Creating an HTML document
Before
working on HTML documents, we need to bear some points in mind like –
1. Hyper Text
Markup Language in not case sensitive.
2. Describe the encoding in the encoding
attribute
3. Make sure you know what encoding the
editor uses
4. Use an XML editor that supports
encoding
5.
UTF-8 is a web
standard and UTF-8 is the safest encoding to use.
6.
Extension
of the HTML must always be .html or .htm.
7.
Entire
document is composed between starting tag <HTML> and the ending tag
</HTML>.
8. Each HTML
document consists of two sections, the head <HEAD> and the body
<BODY>
9. The first line in an XML document is
called the prolog, It is optional and Normally
it contains the XML version number and the encoding used in the document.
10.
The
tags opened are closed in reverse order to the order in which they were opened.
Means the tag opened last will be closed first and the tag opened first will be
closed in the end. Understand it with the following example –
<?xml
version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<title>A blog on
computer and technology</title>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This contains
most of the document
</BODY>
</HTML>
See
the above example. First we opened the <HTML> tag, then
the <HEAD>
tag and then the <title> tag. Then we
first closed the <title> tag first then
the </HEAD>
tag. Thus the <HEAD> tag was opened
first but closed in the end, and the tag <title> was opened later but closed
earlier. The <HTML> is still open because it will be closed in the
end after writing the entire document. See one more example given below -
<?xml
version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<html>
<head>
<title>
A blog on computer and technology</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My Blog Heading</h1>
<p>This is the first
paragraph of text.</p>
<p>This is the second paragraph of
text.</p>
</body>
</html>
Now save the document with .html or
.htm extension. To run the document we can double click on it or open the web
browser or open the file as any other file.
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